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The HELCOM Red List categories are used to identify biotopes and biotope complexes which are under threat of collapse. The categories follow the Red List criteria of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN); Collapsed (CO), Critically Endangered (CR), Endangered (EN), Vulnerable (VU), Near Threatened (NT), Data Deficient (DD), Least Concerned (LC) and Not Evaluated (NE). More information is available on the HELCOM environment fact sheets for Red List of biotopes, habitats and biotope complexes.

Level 1 nameAscendingLevel 2 nameBiotope
complex code
(HD Annex 1)		Biotope complex nameHELCOM
Red List
category		Link to Biotope
complex Information
Sheet (BIS)		MPAs where the biotope
complex is reported
1. COASTAL AND HALOPHYTIC HABITATS16. Boreal Baltic archipelago, coastal and landupheaval areas1650Boreal Baltic narrow inletsVUBISshow MPAs
1. COASTAL AND HALOPHYTIC HABITATS13. Atlantic and continental salt marshes and salt meadows1310Salicornia and other annuals colonizing mud and sand--show MPAs
1. COASTAL AND HALOPHYTIC HABITATS11. Open sea and tidal areas1130EstuariesCRBISshow MPAs
1. COASTAL AND HALOPHYTIC HABITATS11. Open sea and tidal areas1140Mudflats and sandflats not covered by seawater at low tideVUBISshow MPAs
1. COASTAL AND HALOPHYTIC HABITATS11. Open sea and tidal areas1150Coastal lagoonsENBISshow MPAs
1. COASTAL AND HALOPHYTIC HABITATS11. Open sea and tidal areas1160Large shallow inlets and baysVUBISshow MPAs
1. COASTAL AND HALOPHYTIC HABITATS11. Open sea and tidal areas1170ReefsVUBISshow MPAs
1. COASTAL AND HALOPHYTIC HABITATS11. Open sea and tidal areas1180Submarine structures made by leaking gasesENBISshow MPAs
1. COASTAL AND HALOPHYTIC HABITATS12. Sea cliffs and shingle or stony beaches1210Annual vegetation of drift lines--show MPAs
1. COASTAL AND HALOPHYTIC HABITATS12. Sea cliffs and shingle or stony beaches1220Perennial vegetation of stony banks--show MPAs
1. COASTAL AND HALOPHYTIC HABITATS12. Sea cliffs and shingle or stony beaches1230Vegetated sea cliffs of the Atlantic and Baltic Coasts--show MPAs
1. COASTAL AND HALOPHYTIC HABITATS16. Boreal Baltic archipelago, coastal and landupheaval areas1610Baltic esker islands with sandy, rocky and shingle beach vegetation and sublittoral vegetationNTBISshow MPAs
1. COASTAL AND HALOPHYTIC HABITATS16. Boreal Baltic archipelago, coastal and landupheaval areas1620Boreal Baltic islets and small islandsNTBISshow MPAs
1. COASTAL AND HALOPHYTIC HABITATS16. Boreal Baltic archipelago, coastal and landupheaval areas1630Boreal Baltic coastal meadows--show MPAs
1. COASTAL AND HALOPHYTIC HABITATS16. Boreal Baltic archipelago, coastal and landupheaval areas1640Boreal Baltic sandy beaches with perennial vegetation--show MPAs
1. COASTAL AND HALOPHYTIC HABITATS11. Open sea and tidal areas1110Sandbanks which are slightly covered by sea water all the timeVUBISshow MPAs
2. COASTAL SAND DUNES AND INLAND DUNES21. Sea dunes of the Atlantic, North Sea and Baltic coasts2120Shifting dunes along the shoreline with Ammophila arenaria ("white dunes")--show MPAs
2. COASTAL SAND DUNES AND INLAND DUNES21. Sea dunes of the Atlantic, North Sea and Baltic coasts2130Fixed coastal dunes with herbaceous vegetation ("grey dunes")--show MPAs
2. COASTAL SAND DUNES AND INLAND DUNES21. Sea dunes of the Atlantic, North Sea and Baltic coasts2140Decalcified fixed dunes with Empetrum nigrum--show MPAs
2. COASTAL SAND DUNES AND INLAND DUNES21. Sea dunes of the Atlantic, North Sea and Baltic coasts2160Dunes with Hippophaë rhamnoides--show MPAs
2. COASTAL SAND DUNES AND INLAND DUNES21. Sea dunes of the Atlantic, North Sea and Baltic coasts2170Dunes with Salix repens ssp. argentea (Salicion arenariae)--show MPAs
2. COASTAL SAND DUNES AND INLAND DUNES21. Sea dunes of the Atlantic, North Sea and Baltic coasts2110Embryonic shifting dunes--show MPAs
2. COASTAL SAND DUNES AND INLAND DUNES21. Sea dunes of the Atlantic, North Sea and Baltic coasts2190Humid dune slacks--show MPAs
2. COASTAL SAND DUNES AND INLAND DUNES23. Inland dunes, old and decalcified2310Dry sand heaths with Calluna and Genista--show MPAs
2. COASTAL SAND DUNES AND INLAND DUNES23. Inland dunes, old and decalcified2320Dry sand heaths with Calluna and Empetrum nigrum--show MPAs
2. COASTAL SAND DUNES AND INLAND DUNES23. Inland dunes, old and decalcified2330Inland dunes with open Corynephorus and Agrostis grasslands--show MPAs
2. COASTAL SAND DUNES AND INLAND DUNES21. Sea dunes of the Atlantic, North Sea and Baltic coasts2180Wooded dunes of the Atlantic, Continental and Boreal region--show MPAs
3. FRESHWATER HABITATS32. Running water – sections of water courses with natural or semi-natural dynamics (minor, average and major beds) where the water quality shows no3270Rivers with muddy banks with Chenopodion rubri p.p. and Bidention p.p. Vegetation--show MPAs
3. FRESHWATER HABITATS31. Standing water3110Oligotrophic waters containing very few minerals of sandy plains (Littorelletalia uniflorae)--show MPAs
3. FRESHWATER HABITATS31. Standing water3130Oligotrophic to mesotrophic standing waters with vegetation of the Littorelletea uniflorae and/or of the Isoëto-Nanojuncetea--show MPAs
3. FRESHWATER HABITATS31. Standing water3140Hard oligo-mesotrophic waters with benthic vegetation of Chara formations--show MPAs
3. FRESHWATER HABITATS31. Standing water3150Natural eutrophic lakes with Magnopotamion or Hydrocharition – type vegetation--show MPAs
3. FRESHWATER HABITATS31. Standing water3160Natural dystrophic lakes and ponds--show MPAs
3. FRESHWATER HABITATS31. Standing water3180Turloughs--show MPAs
3. FRESHWATER HABITATS31. Standing water3190Lakes of gypsum karst--show MPAs
3. FRESHWATER HABITATS32. Running water – sections of water courses with natural or semi-natural dynamics (minor, average and major beds) where the water quality shows no3210Fennoscandian natural rivers--show MPAs
3. FRESHWATER HABITATS32. Running water – sections of water courses with natural or semi-natural dynamics (minor, average and major beds) where the water quality shows no3260Water courses of plain to montane levels with the Ranunculion fluitantis and Callitricho-Batrachion vegetation--show MPAs
4. TEMPERATE HEATH AND SCRUB40. ??4080Sub-Arctic Salix spp. Scrub--show MPAs
4. TEMPERATE HEATH AND SCRUB40. ??4060Alpine and Boreal heaths--show MPAs
4. TEMPERATE HEATH AND SCRUB40. ??4030European dry heaths--show MPAs
5. SCLEROPHYLLOUS SCRUB (MATORRAL)51. Sub-Mediterranean and temperate scrub5130Juniperus communis formations on heaths or calcareous grasslands--show MPAs
6. NATURAL AND SEMI-NATURAL GRASSLAND FORMATIONS62. Semi-natural dry grasslands and scrubland facies6230Species-rich Nardus grasslands, on silicious substrates in mountain areas (and submountain areas in Continental Europe)--show MPAs
6. NATURAL AND SEMI-NATURAL GRASSLAND FORMATIONS62. Semi-natural dry grasslands and scrubland facies6270Fennoscandian lowland species-rich dry to mesic grasslands--show MPAs
6. NATURAL AND SEMI-NATURAL GRASSLAND FORMATIONS62. Semi-natural dry grasslands and scrubland facies6280Nordic alvar and precambrian calcareous flatrocks--show MPAs
6. NATURAL AND SEMI-NATURAL GRASSLAND FORMATIONS64. Semi-natural tall-herb humid meadows6410Molinia meadows on calcareous, peaty or clayey-silt-laden soils (Molinion caeruleae)--show MPAs
6. NATURAL AND SEMI-NATURAL GRASSLAND FORMATIONS64. Semi-natural tall-herb humid meadows6450Northern boreal alluvial meadows--show MPAs
6. NATURAL AND SEMI-NATURAL GRASSLAND FORMATIONS65. Mesophile grasslands6510Lowland hay meadows (Alopecurus pratensis, Sanguisorba officinalis)--show MPAs
6. NATURAL AND SEMI-NATURAL GRASSLAND FORMATIONS65. Mesophile grasslands6530Fennoscandian wooded meadows--show MPAs
6. NATURAL AND SEMI-NATURAL GRASSLAND FORMATIONS62. Semi-natural dry grasslands and scrubland facies6210Semi-natural dry grasslands and scrubland facies on calcareous substrates (Festuco-Brometalia) (* important orchid sites)--show MPAs
6. NATURAL AND SEMI-NATURAL GRASSLAND FORMATIONS61. Natural grasslands6150Siliceous alpine and boreal grasslands--show MPAs
6. NATURAL AND SEMI-NATURAL GRASSLAND FORMATIONS61. Natural grasslands6120Xeric sand calcareous grasslands--show MPAs
6. NATURAL AND SEMI-NATURAL GRASSLAND FORMATIONS61. Natural grasslands6110Rupicolous calcareous or basophilic grasslands of the Alysso-Sedion albi--show MPAs
6. NATURAL AND SEMI-NATURAL GRASSLAND FORMATIONS64. Semi-natural tall-herb humid meadows6430Hydrophilous tall herb fringe communities of plains and of the montane to alpine levels--show MPAs
7. RAISED BOGS AND MIRES AND FENS71. Sphagnum acid bogs7120Degraded raised bogs still capable of natural regeneration--show MPAs
7. RAISED BOGS AND MIRES AND FENS71. Sphagnum acid bogs7110Active raised bogs--show MPAs
7. RAISED BOGS AND MIRES AND FENS71. Sphagnum acid bogs7160Fennoscandian mineral-rich springs and springfens--show MPAs
7. RAISED BOGS AND MIRES AND FENS72. Calcareous fens7210Calcareous fens with Cladium mariscus and species of the Caricion davallianae--show MPAs
7. RAISED BOGS AND MIRES AND FENS72. Calcareous fens7220Petrifying springs with tufa formation (Cratoneurion)--show MPAs
7. RAISED BOGS AND MIRES AND FENS72. Calcareous fens7230Alkaline fens--show MPAs
7. RAISED BOGS AND MIRES AND FENS73. Boreal mires7310Aapa mires--show MPAs
7. RAISED BOGS AND MIRES AND FENS73. Boreal mires7320Palsa mires--show MPAs
7. RAISED BOGS AND MIRES AND FENS71. Sphagnum acid bogs7140Transition mires and quaking bogs--show MPAs
7. RAISED BOGS AND MIRES AND FENS71. Sphagnum acid bogs7150Depressions on peat substrates of the Rhynchosporion--show MPAs
8. ROCKY HABITATS AND CAVES82. Rocky slopes with chasmophytic vegetation8210Calcareous rocky slopes with chasmophytic vegetation--show MPAs
8. ROCKY HABITATS AND CAVES81. Scree8110Siliceous scree of the montane to snow levels (Androsacetalia alpinae and Galeopsietalia ladani)--show MPAs
8. ROCKY HABITATS AND CAVES82. Rocky slopes with chasmophytic vegetation8230Siliceous rock with pioneer vegetation of the Sedo-Scleranthion or of the Sedo albi-Veronicion dillenii--show MPAs
8. ROCKY HABITATS AND CAVES82. Rocky slopes with chasmophytic vegetation8240Limestone pavements--show MPAs
8. ROCKY HABITATS AND CAVES83. Other rocky habitats8310Caves not open to the public--show MPAs
8. ROCKY HABITATS AND CAVES83. Other rocky habitats8330Submerged or partially submerged sea caves--show MPAs
8. ROCKY HABITATS AND CAVES82. Rocky slopes with chasmophytic vegetation8220Siliceous rocky slopes with chasmophytic vegetation--show MPAs
8. ROCKY HABITATS AND CAVES81. Scree8120Calcareous and calcshist screes of the montane to alpine levels (Thlaspietea rotundifolii)--show MPAs
9. FORESTS (Sub)natural woodland vegetation comprising native species forming forests of tall trees, with typical undergrowth, and meeting the following criteria: rare or residual, and/or hosting species of Community interest90. Forests of Boreal Europe9030Natural forests of primary succession stages of landupheaval coast--show MPAs
9. FORESTS (Sub)natural woodland vegetation comprising native species forming forests of tall trees, with typical undergrowth, and meeting the following criteria: rare or residual, and/or hosting species of Community interest90. Forests of Boreal Europe9010Western Taïga--show MPAs
9. FORESTS (Sub)natural woodland vegetation comprising native species forming forests of tall trees, with typical undergrowth, and meeting the following criteria: rare or residual, and/or hosting species of Community interest91. Forests of Temperate Europe91D0Bog woodland--show MPAs
9. FORESTS (Sub)natural woodland vegetation comprising native species forming forests of tall trees, with typical undergrowth, and meeting the following criteria: rare or residual, and/or hosting species of Community interest90. Forests of Boreal Europe9040Nordic subalpine/subarctic forests with Betula pubescens ssp. czerepanovii--show MPAs
9. FORESTS (Sub)natural woodland vegetation comprising native species forming forests of tall trees, with typical undergrowth, and meeting the following criteria: rare or residual, and/or hosting species of Community interest90. Forests of Boreal Europe9050Fennoscandian herb-rich forests with Picea abies--show MPAs
9. FORESTS (Sub)natural woodland vegetation comprising native species forming forests of tall trees, with typical undergrowth, and meeting the following criteria: rare or residual, and/or hosting species of Community interest90. Forests of Boreal Europe9060Coniferous forests on, or connected to, glaciofluvial eskers--show MPAs
9. FORESTS (Sub)natural woodland vegetation comprising native species forming forests of tall trees, with typical undergrowth, and meeting the following criteria: rare or residual, and/or hosting species of Community interest90. Forests of Boreal Europe9070Fennoscandian wooded pastures--show MPAs
9. FORESTS (Sub)natural woodland vegetation comprising native species forming forests of tall trees, with typical undergrowth, and meeting the following criteria: rare or residual, and/or hosting species of Community interest90. Forests of Boreal Europe9080Fennoscandian deciduous swamp woods--show MPAs
9. FORESTS (Sub)natural woodland vegetation comprising native species forming forests of tall trees, with typical undergrowth, and meeting the following criteria: rare or residual, and/or hosting species of Community interest91. Forests of Temperate Europe9110Luzulo-Fagetum beech forests--show MPAs
9. FORESTS (Sub)natural woodland vegetation comprising native species forming forests of tall trees, with typical undergrowth, and meeting the following criteria: rare or residual, and/or hosting species of Community interest91. Forests of Temperate Europe9130Asperulo-Fagetum beech forests--show MPAs
9. FORESTS (Sub)natural woodland vegetation comprising native species forming forests of tall trees, with typical undergrowth, and meeting the following criteria: rare or residual, and/or hosting species of Community interest91. Forests of Temperate Europe9180Tilio-Acerion forests of slopes, screes and ravines--show MPAs
9. FORESTS (Sub)natural woodland vegetation comprising native species forming forests of tall trees, with typical undergrowth, and meeting the following criteria: rare or residual, and/or hosting species of Community interest91. Forests of Temperate Europe91E0Alluvial forests with Alnus glutinosa and Fraxinus excelsior (Alno-Padion, Alnion incanae, Salicion albae)--show MPAs
9. FORESTS (Sub)natural woodland vegetation comprising native species forming forests of tall trees, with typical undergrowth, and meeting the following criteria: rare or residual, and/or hosting species of Community interest91. Forests of Temperate Europe91F0Riparian mixed forests of Quercus robur, Ulmus laevis and Ulmus minor, Fraxinus excelsior or Fraxinus angustifolia, along the great rivers (Ulmenion minoris)--show MPAs
9. FORESTS (Sub)natural woodland vegetation comprising native species forming forests of tall trees, with typical undergrowth, and meeting the following criteria: rare or residual, and/or hosting species of Community interest90. Forests of Boreal Europe9020Fennoscandian hemiboreal natural old broad-leaved deciduous forests (Quercus, Tilia, Acer, Fraxinus or Ulmus) rich in epiphytes--show MPAs
9. FORESTS (Sub)natural woodland vegetation comprising native species forming forests of tall trees, with typical undergrowth, and meeting the following criteria: rare or residual, and/or hosting species of Community interest91. Forests of Temperate Europe9190Old acidophilous oak woods with Quercus robur on sandy plains--show MPAs
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